股市期權計劃管帳處理，濟南代理記賬公司有關常識?

　　Stock option plan tube account processing, bookkeeping agency company jinan common sense?

　　股市期權(亦稱認股權)，是由公司一切者向運營者供應鼓舞的一種酬勞原則。一般做法是公司根據股市期權計劃的規矩，給予高檔管理人員在某一規矩的期限內(一般為5～10年)，按約好的報價(一般是該權利被頒布時的報價)收購本公司一定數量股市的權利(一般在10萬元以上)。這種權利不能轉讓，但所購股市能夠在商場上出售。濟南代理記賬公司

　　Stock options (also known as stock options), are all by the company to supply operators inspiring principles of a kind of reward. General practice is according to the rules of the stock option plan, to high-grade management personnel within the time limit in a certain rules (generally for 5 ~ 10 years), arranged quotation (usually the rights are issued at the time of the offer) acquisition of the company a certain number of rights of the stock market is in commonly 100000 yuan of above. This power cannot be transferred, but could buy stocks in the market for sale. Jinan bookkeeping agency company

　　現在，股市期權的實施已成為中國國有企業改制中的熱點問題，中國上市公司實施股市期權計劃也面臨著怎樣必定股市期權管帳規范這一難題。獨創興隆國度的閱歷，擬定合理的股市期權管帳規范。

　　Now, the implementation of the stock option has become a hot issue in China's state-owned enterprise restructuring, China's listed companies implementing the stock option plan is faced with how to tube stock option accounting standard must be this difficult problem. Original creation is thriving country experience, to formulate the reasonable stock options account pipe specification.

　　是中國實施股市期權鼓舞制度的主要過程。當今世界各國中，美國的股市期權管帳制度最為完善。美國股市期權的管帳原則包含美國管帳繩尺委員會(APB)第25號定見書和FASB第123號公告以及2000年3月31日美國管帳原則委員會發布的第44號解說定見。筆者企圖在充分獨創美國這三個管帳原則的主要內容和具體實施方法的基礎上。評論中國股市期權的管帳處置的關鍵，以供上市公司參閱和獨創。

　　Is the main process of China's implementation of stock option inspiration system. In the modern world, the United States of stock option accounting system is the most perfect. U.S. stock options of tube accounting principles include the tube tent rope foot board (APB) and FASB announcement no. 123 and no. 25 mindset book on March 31, 2000 of the United States tube accounting principles # 44 mindset. The author attempts to in full original American these three tube of the main content of the accounting principles and concrete implementation method on the basis of. Comment on China's stock market is the option of key account disposal of for listed companies refer to and original.

　　一、股市期權應予以費用化

　　A, stock option should be expensed

　　對于股市期權的管帳處理。有兩個疑問最為關鍵：一是期權費用能否計入本錢從公司獲利中獲取：二是期權費用假設作為本錢應何時入賬以及怎樣入賬。安靖工作從前，美國的管帳原則，能夠將股市期權費作為薪酬費用列為運營本錢。也能夠不將其列為運營本錢，公司有權自立抉擇。為添加獲利。長期以來大大都公司一般都不將股市期權費計入運營本錢。安靖工作后，管理機構和出資者越來越強烈要求公司將股市期權費計入本錢。由于根據美聯儲官員的調查，1995—2000年規范普爾500家公司收益的年增長率中有2.5%是由于未將股市期權費用化而虛增的，美聯儲主席Greenspan聲稱附和將期權費用化。假設不將期權費用化，會虛增獲利。導致股價上漲，使得出資人為收購股市有必要付更多的錢。也因此而曲解了在揭穿商場上的本錢配備的功率。APB第25號定見書和FASB第123號公告都主張股市期權應按一定的期權定價方法計入費用。

　　For stock options of tube processing. There are two questions: the most critical one is included in the capital from the earnings of the option premium access: the second is the premium hypothesis as capital should be booked when and how to enter an item in an account. Came to work in the past, the U.S. accounting principles, to be able to stock option as compensation fee as operating capital. Also can not be classified as operating capital, the company shall have the right to stand on its own choices. To add a profit. For a long time are greatly company generally will not stock option plan into operation. Came to work, management agencies and stakeholders in growing requiring companies to stock option fee included in the capital. Because according to a study of fed officials, 1995-2000 standard & poor's 500 companies earnings of 2.5% of annual growth rate is due to not expensing stock options and inflated, federal reserve chairman Greenspan claimed that echoed the option premium. Assumption is not the option premium, inflated profits. Lead to share price rise, make the investment to buy the stock market is necessary to pay more money. Thus distorted in debunking capital equipped with power in the market place. APB no.25 mindset books and FASB announcement no. 123 have stock options should be according to certain option pricing method is included in the cost.

　　二、股市期權費用確實認和計量

　　Second, the stock market premium really recognition and measurement

　　(一)計量時點

　　(a) point of measurement

　　一個股市期權需供認的費用是根據下述兩個要素都必定的第一個日期(計量日)測定的：(1)職工有權獲得的股份數;(2)為獲得股份須付出的對價(行權價)。根據計量日的不一樣，股市期權計劃能夠分為必定的股市期權計劃和不必定的股市期權計劃。必定的股市期權計劃的行權價和職工有權獲得的股份數在期權頒布日即是必定的，計量日即是頒布日。不必定的股市期權計劃又稱為以業績為基礎的股市期權計劃，此類計劃的股份數或者行權價在期權頒布日是不必定的。計量日并不等于頒布日，而是職工有權獲得的股份數和行權價都必定的日期。濟南代理記賬公司

　　A stock option must admission fee is according to the following two elements must be the first date (measurement) : (1) the worker shall be entitled to the number of shares; (2) for shares shall pay the price (price). According to the different measurement day, the stock option plan can be divided into bound to the stock option plan and is not bound to the stock option plan. Must have the price of stock option plan and worker shall be entitled to the number of shares issued is must, in the options measurement day is issued. Not bound to the stock option plan is also known as based on the performance of the stock option plan, such a plan the number of shares or the price in the options promulgation date is not must. Measurement, not equal to date, but the worker shall be entitled to the number of shares and the date of the price are sure. Jinan bookkeeping agency company

　　(二)股市期權費用的計量

　　(2) measuring the cost of stock options

　　APB第25號定見書《向職工發放股市的管帳處理》規矩，與股市期權有關的賠償費用可選用內在價值法計算，即在計量日，只有當股市市價逾越行權報價時，才供認并計量賠償費用。但假設在計量日行權報價等于或高于股市市價，則不供認賠償費用。所以內在價值法下大都固定型股市期權在授權日的內在價值為零，即股市市價和行權報價的差額為零。一同，應用內在價值法計量賠償費用時。當股市市價發作改動時。內在價值也跟著改動，所以在每一個管帳期末都需要對期權賠償費用進行調整。1995年，美國管帳原則委員會發布了第123號公告，“以股權為基礎薪酬管帳”，推出了一套“以公允價值為基礎的”股市期權管帳處理方法，公允價值法是在期權的頒布日，以股市期權的公允價值供認公司的遞延酬勞本錢，并將遞延酬勞本錢在效力期內進行攤銷。該法的關鍵是公允價值的供認，世界管帳原則委員會認為：“公允價值”是指了解情況并自愿的兩頭，在公平生意基礎上進行財物交流或債款結算的金額。由于公允價值一經斷定就不再改動，所以在公允價值法下不存在期末調整疑問。FASB123號公告仍然容許繼續選用APB25，僅僅規矩應當在財務報表的腳注中宣布，假設選用FASB123號公告。公司的凈收益和每股盈余將會遭到何種影響。

　　APB no.25 mindset book "issued to the worker's tube account processing rules, related to stock options can choose the intrinsic value method to calculate the damages, namely in the measurement, only when the stock market price is beyond the exercise price, just broke down and measurement of the damages. But suppose the measurement on exercise price equal to or higher than the market price, do not confess the damages. So under the intrinsic value method mostly fixed type stock option on the authorization day's intrinsic value is zero, namely the difference between the stock market and the exercise price is zero. Together, the application compensation when their intrinsic value method. When the stock market attack changes. Intrinsic value also follow changes, so in each tube account at the end of all need to adjust options of the damages. In 1995, the principle of tube account commission issued announcement no. 123, "on the basis of equity compensation tube account", launched a "on the basis of the fair value of the" tube stock option accounting treatment method, the promulgation of the fair value method is in the options, with the fair value of the stock option confessed company deferred payments of the capital, and capital to deferred compensation in the validity period of amortization. The law is the key to the fair value of the confession, the tube accounting principles board says: "fair value" refers to the situation and the two ends of the voluntary, on the basis of fair business communicate property or the amount of debt settlement. Because of the fair value is concluded that it is no longer changes, so under the fair value method does not exist the final adjustment. FASB123 bulletin choose APB25 allowed to continue, only the rules shall be announced in a footnote in the financial statements, hypothesis with FASB123 announcement. The company's net income and eps will have been.

　　筆者認為。在如今條件下。中國股市期權管帳不宜選用公平價值管帳。中國如今的證券商場正處在從無功率向弱型功率過渡的期間，開端達到了弱型功率。在這個商場中，股市的現行報價僅僅反映了一切前史的記載，底細生意和投機做法盛行。股價與公司凈收益違背較為嚴重，股市期權原則賴以存在的商場環境并不存在。因此，中國現期間不具有普遍推行股市期權原則的條件，對股市期權原則的管帳處理宜側重可靠性，統籌有關性。上市公司股市期權管帳處理，能夠學習APB25號定見書的做法，將頒布日的市價與行權價的差額承認為費用。管帳上一邊按照內在價值供認預提費用，一邊記載股市期權，并在期權計劃中規矩的效力期間內平均攤銷，分期轉為費用，行權后，股市期權轉為股本。FASB123號公告所推重的公平價值管帳處理方法。雖然從有關性視點來看是極好的，契合管帳理論的開展潮流，可是即便在本錢商場非常興隆的美國也遇到了健壯的阻力。中國如今還不具有選用公平價值法的條件。以公平價值法中最常用的Black-Scholes模型為例，該模型假定，股市報價恪守對數正態分布，股市出資酬謝的波動性在期權有用期中是固定不變的;在期權有用期內，股市無盈余，或許有已知的盈余;存在著一個固定的無風險利率，出資者能夠按照無風險利率恣意地借入或貸出。此類假定在中國無一能夠滿足。也缺少相應的商場參照。可是，我們能夠加強這方面的理論研究，以便為將來向公平價值管帳過渡做好準備。

　　The author thinks that. Under the condition of today. China's stock market options pipe account unfavorable choose fair value accounting. China's securities market today is in the transition from no power to the weak power of period, beginning to weak power. In this store, the stock market's current offer only reflects the history of all the former record, number of business and speculation is rife. Shares with the company's net income, against more severe, on which the equity options principle store environment does not exist. As a result, China is now during the do not have the conditions of the universal principles to implement stock option, the principle of stock options account of tube processing should be focused on reliability, as a whole about sex. Tube stock option accounting treatment of listed companies, to learn APB25 mindset book number, will be issued, the difference between the market price and price of admitted as expenses. Tube account according to the intrinsic value had accrued expenses, recorded in the equity options, and in the option plan during the period of validity of the rules of the average amortization, installment to charge, after exercise, stock option into equity. Sages FASB123, announced by the fair value of tube processing method. Though from the sexual perspective is extremely good, fit pipe account theory development trend, but even in the capital market is very prosperous America also met with strong resistance. China now still do not have choose fair value method. In a fair value method is the most commonly used Black - Scholes model as an example, the model assumes that the stock market quotation by lognormal distribution, the stock market volatility of the investment reward is fixed in the options useful midterm; In the options useful period, the stock market without surplus, may have a surplus of known; There is a risk-free interest rate fixed, stakeholders can according to the risk-free rate willfully to borrow or lend. This assumes that none can meet in China. The store also lack of corresponding reference. However, we can strengthen the theoretical research in this field, in order to prepare for the future to make the transition to fair value tube account.

　　為了規范上市公司股市期權的授權和行權做法。

　　In order to standardize the authorization of the listed company stock options and exercise.

　　中國證監會擬定了《上市公司認股權試點管理方法》(試行稿)(以下簡稱《管理方法》)，對于上市公司股市期權管帳處置的一些規矩隱含在這個文件中。《管理方法》第19條規矩，“認股權行使價值確實定以公司股市的二級商場價格為準。不得損害別的股東的利益”，這闡明為了不稀釋別的股東的利益，中國公司固定性股市期權計劃的行權價不該低于期權發放日(授權日)的市價。《管理方法》第13條規矩，對于不必定的股市期權計劃，在期權發放日行權價格不明白，可是其必定的方法是已知的，此刻，發放日不是計量日，計量日是頒布的股數和行權價格都能夠必定的第一個日期。由此可見，在中國現在的情況下，對于股市期權的計量只能選用APB25的內在價值法。內行權前，酬勞本錢要預估供認并分配調整攤銷轉入費用;內行權以后，股市期權轉入股本。

　　The China securities regulatory commission drew up "the pilot listed company stock options management approach" (trial draft) (hereinafter referred to as "management methods"), for the listed company tube stock option accounting treatment of some of the rules implied in this file. "Management approach" article 19 rules, "option exercise really value will be subject to secondary market price of the stock market company. Shall not harm the interests of other shareholders", it expounds in order not to dilute the interests of other shareholders, the company fixity of the stock option plan issued price should not be lower than option (authorized) market. "Management approach" article 13 rules, for the stock option plan, must be issued in the options strike prices don't understand, but the way of the must is known, and at the moment, the day is not a measurement, measurement is the number of shares and the exercise price can surely the first date. Thus, in China's current situation, for the measurement of stock options can only choose APB25 the intrinsic value method. To vest, paid capital to forecast confessed and amortization allocation adjustment into cost; To vest, stock option into equity.

　　濟南代理記賬公司:http://www.chnew.cn/